一、kafka简单介绍

1、kafka简介

Kafka是最初由Linkedin公司开发，是一个分布式、支持分区的（partition）、多副本的（replica），基于zookeeper协调的分布式消息系统，它的最大的特性就是可以实时的处理大量数据以满足各种需求场景：比如基于hadoop的批处理系统、低延迟的实时系统、storm/Spark流式处理引擎，web/nginx日志、访问日志，消息服务等等，用scala语言编写，Linkedin于2010年贡献给了Apache基金会并成为顶级开源 项目。

2、kafka特性

• 高吞吐量、低延迟：kafka每秒可以处理几十万条消息，它的延迟最低只有几毫秒，每个topic可以分多个partition, consumer group 对partition进行consume操作。

• 可扩展性：kafka集群支持热扩展

• 持久性、可靠性：消息被持久化到本地磁盘，并且支持数据备份防止数据丢失

• 容错性：允许集群中节点失败（若副本数量为n,则允许n-1个节点失败）

• 高并发：支持数千个客户端同时读写

3、kafka使用场景

• 日志收集：一个公司可以用Kafka可以收集各种服务的log，通过kafka以统一接口服务的方式开放给各种consumer，例如hadoop、Hbase、Solr等。

• 消息系统：解耦和生产者和消费者、缓存消息等。

• 用户活动跟踪：Kafka经常被用来记录web用户或者app用户的各种活动，如浏览网页、搜索、点击等活动，这些活动信息被各个服务器发布到kafka的topic中，然后订阅者通过订阅这些topic来做实时的监控分析，或者装载到hadoop、数据仓库中做离线分析和挖掘。

• 运营指标：Kafka也经常用来记录运营监控数据。包括收集各种分布式应用的数据，生产各种操作的集中反馈，比如报警和报告。

• 流式处理：比如spark streaming和storm

• 事件源

二、docker里kafka的搭建

1、拉取镜像文件

首先去docker镜像仓库拉取kafka镜像，仓库地址：https://hub.docker.com

拉取kafka镜像命令

docker pull wurstmeister/kafka

2、挂载宿主机的配置文件

kafka镜像内配置文件路径：/opt/kafka/config

宿主机配置文件路径：/docker/kafka/config

注：配置文件，你可以选择拷贝容器里的配置文件出来到宿主机，后续定制化修改，也可以直接从官网下载kafka安装包，解压后有默认配置文件。

启动kafka命令

docker run -d --restart=always --name kafka -p 9092:9092 \
--link zookeeper \
--env KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181 \
--env KAFKA_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092 \
--env KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS=PLAINTEXT://192.168.8.201:9092 \
-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime \
-v /home/docker/kafka/data:/kafka \
-v /home/docker/kafka/logs:/opt/kafka/logs \
wurstmeister/kafka

KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT    --配置zk注册中心

KAFKA_LISTENERS    --需要开启外部访问，LISTENERS直接配置0.0.0.0:9092

KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS  --为宿主机器的IP地址，如果不这么设置，可能会导致在别的机器上访问不到

同时可以选择挂载宿主机的配置文件和数据存储目录

查看配置文件server.properties：

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# see kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults

############################# Server Basics #############################
# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
broker.id=-1

############################# Socket Server Settings #############################
# The address the socket server listens on. It will get the value returned from 
# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName() if not configured.
#   FORMAT:
#     listeners = listener_name://host_name:port
#   EXAMPLE:
#     listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092
listeners=PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092

# Hostname and port the broker will advertise to producers and consumers. If not set, 
# it uses the value for "listeners" if configured.  Otherwise, it will use the value
# returned from java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName().
advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.8.201:9092

# Maps listener names to security protocols, the default is for them to be the same. See the config documentation for more details
#listener.security.protocol.map=PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,SSL:SSL,SASL_PLAINTEXT:SASL_PLAINTEXT,SASL_SSL:SASL_SSL

# The number of threads that the server uses for receiving requests from the network and sending responses to the network
num.network.threads=3

# The number of threads that the server uses for processing requests, which may include disk I/O
num.io.threads=8

# The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400

# The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400

# The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600


############################# Log Basics #############################
# A comma separated list of directories under which to store log files
log.dirs=/kafka/kafka-logs-2a55893bad6f

# The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
# parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
# the brokers.
num.partitions=1

# The number of threads per data directory to be used for log recovery at startup and flushing at shutdown.
# This value is recommended to be increased for installations with data dirs located in RAID array.
num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1

############################# Internal Topic Settings  #############################
# The replication factor for the group metadata internal topics "__consumer_offsets" and "__transaction_state"
# For anything other than development testing, a value greater than 1 is recommended for to ensure availability such as 3.
offsets.topic.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.min.isr=1

############################# Log Flush Policy #############################
# Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
# the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
# There are a few important trade-offs here:
#    1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
#    2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
#    3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to excessive seeks.
# The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
# every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.

# The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
#log.flush.interval.messages=10000

# The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
#log.flush.interval.ms=1000

############################# Log Retention Policy #############################
# The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
# be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
# A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
# from the end of the log.

# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion due to age
log.retention.hours=168

# A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log unless the remaining
# segments drop below log.retention.bytes. Functions independently of log.retention.hours.
#log.retention.bytes=1073741824

# The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
log.segment.bytes=1073741824

# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
# to the retention policies
log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000

############################# Zookeeper #############################
# Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
# You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
# root directory for all kafka znodes.
zookeeper.connect=zookeeper:2181

# Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000

# The following configuration specifies the time, in milliseconds, that the GroupCoordinator will delay the initial consumer rebalance.
# The rebalance will be further delayed by the value of group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms as new members join the group, up to a maximum of max.poll.interval.ms.
# The default value for this is 3 seconds.
# We override this to 0 here as it makes for a better out-of-the-box experience for development and testing.
# However, in production environments the default value of 3 seconds is more suitable as this will help to avoid unnecessary, and potentially expensive, rebalances during application startup.
group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms=0
port=9092

可以用Kafka Tools来查看消息队列情况

查看所有topic列表

bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper zookeeper:2181 --list